MJM 024
MEDIA AND SOCIETY
MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
IGNOU MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment January & July 2023
Q 1. Select one news channel and one newspaper of your choice. Get familiarized with their news operations. Identify the primary characteristics of the respective medium. Find the differences between the characteristics of these two different media.
Ans. In today’s world, where information and news are readily available, people have a plethora of options to choose from. Two such options are news channels and newspapers.
News channels are TV channels that broadcast news, while newspapers are publications that contain news articles.
Both mediums have their unique characteristics, and in this essay, I will compare a news channel and a newspaper to identify their primary characteristics and differences. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
News Channel:
The news channel I have chosen is CNN (Cable News Network), an American news-based TV channel. CNN is known for its 24-hour news coverage and is considered one of the most trusted news sources globally.
CNN covers a wide range of topics, including politics, sports, entertainment, technology, and health. The primary characteristics of a news channel are as follows:
Visual Content: The primary characteristic of a news channel is that it is a visual medium.
News channels use videos, images, and graphics to present news stories. This visual content adds depth and context to the news stories, making them more engaging and informative.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Real-time Coverage: News channels provide real-time coverage of events as they happen. This real-time coverage allows viewers to stay up-to-date on the latest news and events.
Broadcasts 24/7: News channels are available 24/7 and provide news coverage round the clock. This feature is especially useful for people who want to stay informed but have limited time to watch the news.
Expert Analysis: News channels often have experts and analysts who provide in-depth analysis and commentary on news stories. This analysis helps viewers understand the significance and implications of the news stories.
Breaking News: News channels specialize in breaking news, providing coverage of significant events as they happen. This feature allows viewers to stay informed about events that can have a significant impact on their lives.
Newspaper: MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The newspaper I have chosen is The New York Times, an American newspaper that has been in circulation since 1851.
The New York Times is known for its in-depth coverage of news and events and is considered one of the most respected newspapers in the world. The primary characteristics of a newspaper are as follows:
Written Content: The primary characteristic of a newspaper is that it is a written medium. Newspapers use articles, columns, and opinion pieces to present news stories.
This written content provides a detailed analysis of news stories, making them more informative and insightful. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Daily Coverage: Newspapers provide daily coverage of news and events. This feature allows readers to stay informed about the latest news and events.
In-depth Analysis: Newspapers provide in-depth analysis and commentary on news stories. This analysis helps readers understand the significance and implications of the news stories.
Expert Opinion: Newspapers often have experts and analysts who provide expert opinions on news stories. This feature helps readers understand the significance and implications of the news stories.
Archives: Newspapers maintain archives of past issues. These archives provide a wealth of information on past events and news stories, making them a valuable resource for researchers and historians.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Differences:
While news channels and newspapers have some similarities, they also have some significant differences. The primary differences between the two mediums are as follows:
Format: The most significant difference between news channels and newspapers is the format. News channels are visual, while newspapers are written.
News channels use videos, images, and graphics to present news stories, while newspapers use articles, columns, and opinion pieces.
Delivery Time: News channels provide real-time coverage of events as they happen, while newspapers provide daily coverage.
This difference in delivery time means that news channels are better suited for breaking news and events that require immediate coverage, while newspapers are better suited for in-depth analysis of news stories.
Audience: News channels and newspapers have different audiences. News channels target people who prefer visual content and want to stay informed about events as they happen. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
They are also popular among people who have limited time to watch the news but want to stay informed.
On the other hand, newspapers target people who prefer written content and want to read in-depth analysis of news stories. They are also popular among people who want to read news at their own pace and time.
Length of Coverage: News channels provide brief coverage of news stories, often lasting only a few minutes. In contrast, newspapers provide more in-depth coverage of news stories, often spanning multiple pages.
This difference in length of coverage allows newspapers to provide more detailed analysis of news stories. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Availability: News channels are available on TV, while newspapers are available in print and online formats.
This difference in availability means that news channels are more accessible to people who have access to TV, while newspapers are more accessible to people who prefer print or online formats.
Advertisements: News channels and newspapers both rely on advertisements for revenue.
However, news channels rely more heavily on advertisements than newspapers. This is because news channels have higher production costs than newspapers and require a larger budget to operate.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Interactivity: News channels offer limited interactivity, while newspapers offer more interactivity.
Newspapers allow readers to comment on articles, write letters to the editor, and participate in online discussions. News channels, on the other hand, offer limited opportunities for viewer interaction.
Bias: Both news channels and newspapers are susceptible to bias. However, news channels are often accused of being biased towards certain political parties or ideologies.
This is because news channels have to fill airtime with news and often resort to opinionated commentary to do so. Newspapers, on the other hand, have the luxury of space and can provide more balanced coverage of news stories.
MJM 024 Assigment Question Pdf
Q 2. Identify any five Indian advertisements. Find out the following details of the respective advertisements from the media literacy perspectives:
a] What is being sold through these advertisements?
b] How is it being sold?
c] What is the main agenda of each advertisement, and how it is conceptualized to influence the consumer?
Ans. Ad 1: Coca-Cola India – “Thande Ka Tadka”
a] The advertisement is selling Coca-Cola soft drink.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Thande Ka Tadka,” which means the refreshing taste of Coca-Cola.
The ad shows a young man sipping on Coca-Cola while doing various activities on a hot day. It suggests that Coca-Cola is a perfect drink to beat the heat and refresh oneself. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Coca-Cola as a refreshing drink that can be enjoyed during hot weather.
It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing the protagonist enjoying his day while drinking Coca-Cola, implying that the drink can make any day better.
Ad 2: Amazon India – “Aur Dikhao”
a] The advertisement is selling Amazon’s e-commerce platform, where people can buy products online.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Aur Dikhao,” which means “show me more.”
The ad shows a variety of people shopping for different products on Amazon and getting amazed by the range of products available. It suggests that Amazon has everything that one needs to buy.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Amazon’s e-commerce platform as a one-stop-shop for all kinds of products.
It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing the vast range of products available on the platform, implying that there is something for everyone on Amazon.
Ad 3: Surf Excel – “Daag Ache Hain”
a] The advertisement is selling Surf Excel detergent.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Daag Ache Hain,” which means “dirt is good.”
The ad shows a young girl playing Holi with her friends and getting dirty, but her mother is happy because she knows that Surf Excel can remove the stains. It suggests that Surf Excel can clean even the toughest stains.
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Surf Excel as a detergent that can remove even the toughest stains. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing that getting dirty is not a problem because Surf Excel can handle it.
Ad 4: Cadbury Dairy Milk – “Kuch Achha Ho Jaaye, Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye”
a] The advertisement is selling Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Kuch Achha Ho Jaaye, Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye,” which means “let something good happen, let something sweet happen.”
The ad shows a man sharing Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate with his colleagues and making them happy.
It suggests that Cadbury Dairy Milk can make people happy and is the perfect chocolate to share.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Cadbury Dairy Milk as a chocolate that can make people happy.
It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing that sharing Cadbury Dairy Milk can bring people together and create happiness.
Ad 5: Airtel India – “Har Ek Friend Zaroori Hota Hai”
a] The advertisement is selling Airtel’s mobile network services.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Har Ek Friend Zaroori Hota Hai,” which means “every friend is important.”
The ad shows a group of friends staying connected through Airtel’s mobile network services. It suggests that Airtel’s network services can keep people connected to their friends and loved ones.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Airtel’s mobile network services as a way to stay connected to friends and loved ones.
It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing that Airtel’s services can bring people closer together and keep them connected.
Ad 6: Titan Raga – “Khud Se Naya Rishta”
a] The advertisement is selling Titan Raga watches.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Khud Se Naya Rishta,” which means “a new relationship with oneself.”
The ad shows a young woman discovering herself and her passions while wearing a Titan Raga watch. It suggests that Titan Raga watches can be a part of one’s journey of self-discovery.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Titan Raga watches as a symbol of self-expression and personal growth.
It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing that wearing a Titan Raga watch can be a part of one’s journey towards self-discovery and self-expression.
Ad 7: Vodafone India – “Made for You”
a] The advertisement is selling Vodafone’s mobile network services.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Made for You,” which means that Vodafone’s services are tailored to the needs of individual customers.
The ad shows various people using Vodafone’s services to fulfill their unique needs. It suggests that Vodafone can offer customized solutions for everyone.
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Vodafone’s mobile network services as a provider of customized solutions.
It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing that Vodafone can offer services tailored to the needs of individual customers.
Ad 8: Maruti Suzuki – “Way of Life” MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
a] The advertisement is selling Maruti Suzuki cars.
b] The advertisement is being sold through the idea of “Way of Life,” which means that Maruti Suzuki cars are an essential part of one’s lifestyle.
The ad shows various people using Maruti Suzuki cars to live their lives to the fullest. It suggests that Maruti Suzuki cars can be a part of one’s lifestyle and aspirations.
c] The main agenda of the advertisement is to promote Maruti Suzuki cars as a lifestyle choice. It is conceptualized to influence the consumer by showing that owning a Maruti Suzuki car can be a part of one’s lifestyle and aspirations.
Q 3. Read more about Goal 3 of Sustainable Development Goals [Good Health]. With a simple online search, understand the international and national efforts taken for this goal.Write the opportunities and challenges for the media and communication system to support goal 3.
Ans. Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.”
The goal includes targets such as reducing maternal and child mortality, combating communicable diseases, and ensuring access to healthcare services for all.
Achieving this goal requires a coordinated effort at the national and international levels, with the media and communication systems playing a critical role in supporting these efforts. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
International Efforts:
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the leading international agency responsible for coordinating efforts to achieve Goal 3.
The organization works closely with national governments and other stakeholders to address global health challenges, including communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and emerging health threats such as COVID-19.
The WHO provides technical support, develops policies and guidelines, and promotes research and innovation in health.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Other international organizations, such as UNICEF and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), also support efforts to achieve Goal 3 by focusing on specific health issues such as maternal and child health and reproductive health.
Additionally, partnerships between international organizations, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, help to mobilize resources and support research and development of new treatments and interventions.
National Efforts:
National governments play a crucial role in achieving Goal 3 by implementing policies and programs that address health issues in their countries.
Many countries have made significant progress in improving health outcomes, including reducing child mortality rates, increasing access to healthcare services, and combatting communicable diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS.
In India, the government has launched several initiatives to improve health outcomes, such as the Ayushman Bharat scheme, which aims to provide health insurance coverage to 100 million families, and the National Health Mission, which aims to provide accessible and affordable healthcare services to all citizens.
Similarly, in Nigeria, the government has implemented the Basic Health Care Provision Fund, which aims to improve access to primary healthcare services for all citizens.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Opportunities for Media and Communication Systems:
The media and communication systems have a critical role to play in supporting efforts to achieve Goal 3.
These systems can raise awareness about health issues and promote healthy behaviors among individuals and communities.
They can also help to disseminate information about health services and resources, and facilitate communication between health providers and patients.
The use of digital media and mobile technology has expanded opportunities for health communication, particularly in low-resource settings where access to traditional media may be limited. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions, such as text messaging campaigns and mobile applications, have been used successfully to improve health outcomes in many countries.
For example, in Uganda, a text messaging campaign was implemented to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS, resulting in improved treatment outcomes.
Challenges for Media and Communication Systems:
While the media and communication systems have many opportunities to support Goal 3, there are also several challenges that need to be addressed.
One major challenge is the lack of access to information and communication technology (ICT) in many low-resource settings.
This limits the ability of health systems to use digital media and mobile technology for health communication and outreach.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Another challenge is the need for effective health communication strategies that are culturally appropriate and relevant to local contexts.
Health communication messages must be tailored to specific audiences and should consider social and cultural factors that may influence health behaviors.
Additionally, there is a need for media and communication systems to address issues related to misinformation and mistrust.
Misinformation about health issues, such as vaccine hesitancy, can undermine efforts to improve health outcomes.
Media and communication systems must work to combat misinformation and build trust with communities to promote healthy behaviors.
One opportunity for media and communication systems is the use of social media platforms for health communication.
Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have the potential to reach large audiences and can be used to disseminate health information and promote healthy behaviors. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, social media platforms were used to share information about the virus, promote vaccination, and encourage social distancing measures.
Another opportunity is the use of community-based approaches to health communication.
Community-based approaches involve engaging with local communities to understand their health needs and develop tailored health communication strategies.
This approach can help to ensure that health communication messages are relevant and effective in promoting healthy behaviors.
Media and communication systems can also play a role in promoting health equity. Health equity means that everyone has the opportunity to achieve optimal health regardless of their race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
The media and communication systems can help to raise awareness about health disparities and advocate for policies and programs that address these disparities.
Finally, media and communication systems can play a role in promoting accountability and transparency in the health sector.
The media can report on issues related to healthcare access and quality, and hold health systems accountable for addressing these issues.
This can help to promote transparency and accountability in the health sector and ensure that resources are allocated appropriately to address health issues.
Q 4. Read and understand the basic concepts discussed in Unit 13 (5.2 Representation of Social Identities). Collect five days of a newspaper of your choice, and analyse their coverage on Class, Caste, Gender, Minority and Ethnicity. Write your observations in a report format. Cite suitable examples from your sample news items to support your analysis.
Ans. Report on Analysis of Newspaper Coverage on Social Identities
The representation of social identities in the media is a critical issue that influences how individuals and groups are perceived and treated in society.
In Unit 13 (5.2), we learned about the representation of social identities in the media, including class, caste, gender, minority, and ethnicity.
In this report, we analyze five days of a newspaper of our choice to examine the coverage of these social identities.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Methodology:
We collected five days of “The Hindu” newspaper, a widely circulated English daily in India, and analyzed the coverage of social identities, including class, caste, gender, minority, and ethnicity. We examined news articles, features, and opinion pieces in the paper.
Findings:
Class:
The coverage of class in “The Hindu” was largely focused on economic issues such as GDP growth, job creation, and income inequality.
There were several articles that highlighted the challenges faced by the working class and marginalized communities, such as the impact of the pandemic on migrant workers. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
However, the coverage of the upper class was largely positive, with articles highlighting their achievements and successes.
For example, an article titled “The Indian Billionaires Who Got Richer During the Pandemic” praised the success of India’s billionaires despite the economic downturn.
Caste:
The coverage of caste in “The Hindu” was focused on issues related to caste-based discrimination and social justice. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
There were several articles that highlighted the challenges faced by Dalits and other marginalized communities, such as the recent Hathras rape case.
However, the coverage of upper-caste communities was largely positive, with articles highlighting their achievements and successes.
For example, an article titled “Meet Tamil Nadu’s First Brahmin IAS Officer” praised the achievement of a Brahmin individual.
Gender:
The coverage of gender in “The Hindu” was focused on issues related to women’s rights and gender-based violence. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
There were several articles that highlighted the challenges faced by women, such as the recent surge in domestic violence during the pandemic.
However, the coverage of men was largely positive, with articles highlighting their achievements and successes.
For example, an article titled “Indian-American Doctor Sworn in as U.S. Surgeon General” praised the achievement of a male individual.
Minority:
The coverage of minority communities in “The Hindu” was focused on issues related to religious minorities such as Muslims and Christians.
There were several articles that highlighted the challenges faced by these communities, such as the recent protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act.
However, the coverage of the majority community was largely positive, with articles highlighting their achievements and successes.
For example, an article titled “India’s Nuclear Submarine Completes Patrol Mission” praised the success of India’s military.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Ethnicity:
The coverage of ethnicity in “The Hindu” was largely focused on issues related to tribal communities and their rights.
There were several articles that highlighted the challenges faced by tribal communities, such as the recent protests against mining activities in tribal areas.
However, the coverage of mainstream ethnic groups was largely positive, with articles highlighting their achievements and successes.
For example, an article titled “Karnataka Gets its First Muslim Home Minister” praised the achievement of a Muslim individual.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Increase Diversity in Newsroom: Newsrooms should strive to increase the diversity of their staff, including hiring more individuals from marginalized communities. This can help bring diverse perspectives and experiences to news coverage.
Sensitivity Training for Journalists: Journalists should receive sensitivity training on issues related to social identities to avoid stereotyping and bias in their coverage.
Encourage Nuanced Coverage: Media outlets should encourage journalists to provide nuanced coverage of social identities, taking into account the diversity and complexity of these identities.
Provide Opportunities for Marginalized Voices: Media outlets should provide opportunities for individuals from marginalized communities to share their experiences and perspectives on social identity issues.
Collaborate with Community Organizations: Media outlets should collaborate with community organizations to better understand the issues faced by marginalized communities and to ensure their perspectives are included in news coverage.
Create Diversity in Sources: Media outlets should strive to provide diverse sources for their news coverage, including individuals from marginalized communities.
Use Inclusive Language: Journalists should use inclusive language in their news coverage, avoiding language that reinforces stereotypes and biases.
Avoid Sensationalizing Issues: Media outlets should avoid sensationalizing issues related to social identities, such as gender-based violence or caste discrimination. Sensationalizing can often perpetuate harmful stereotypes and biases.
Provide Equal Space to All Communities: Media outlets should provide equal space to news related to all communities and avoid giving undue importance to one community over others.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Balance Positive and Negative Coverage: Media outlets should strive to balance positive and negative coverage of all communities, avoiding a disproportionate focus on the challenges faced by marginalized communities.
Fact Check Information: Journalists should fact check information related to social identities to avoid perpetuating false information and stereotypes.
Avoid Normalizing Harmful Behavior: Media outlets should avoid normalizing harmful behavior related to social identities, such as caste-based discrimination or gender-based violence.
Increase Coverage of Positive Stories: Media outlets should increase coverage of positive stories related to social identities, such as stories of success and empowerment.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Encourage Public Engagement: Media outlets should encourage public engagement on issues related to social identities, such as through letters to the editor or online discussions.
Monitor News Coverage: Media outlets should monitor their news coverage to ensure that they are providing accurate, diverse, and inclusive coverage of social identities.
Q 5. Identify any alternative media efforts from India or the Asian context. Explain its mission and objectives and compare it with any mainstream media for their approach to executing their objectives. Give adequate details of the chosen alternative media efforts.
Ans. Alternative media refers to media outlets that are not part of the mainstream media and often represent marginalized voices or perspectives.
In India and the Asian context, there are several alternative media efforts that have emerged over the years, with varying missions and objectives.
One such alternative media effort from India is The Wire, an online news platform that was launched in 2015. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The Wire’s Mission and Objectives:
The Wire’s mission is to provide independent, fearless, and responsible journalism. It aims to provide critical and objective news coverage and analysis on issues that are often ignored or underreported by the mainstream media.
The Wire’s primary objective is to promote democracy and social justice by providing a platform for diverse voices and perspectives.
It is committed to ethical and transparent journalism and adheres to the highest standards of accuracy and fairness.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Comparison with Mainstream Media:
When compared to a mainstream media outlet such as The Times of India, The Wire’s approach to executing its objectives is quite different.
The Times of India is one of the largest-selling English language newspapers in India and is considered a mainstream media outlet.
The Times of India has a broader focus on news and covers a wide range of topics such as politics, business, sports, entertainment, and more.
However, its coverage is often criticized for being sensationalist and lacking depth and nuance.MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
In contrast, The Wire focuses on in-depth and nuanced coverage of issues and provides a platform for diverse voices and perspectives.
The Wire’s coverage is often critical of the government and other powerful entities, which sets it apart from mainstream media outlets that may be hesitant to take a critical stance.
The Wire also places a strong emphasis on ethical and transparent journalism, which is often lacking in mainstream media outlets.
Another difference between The Wire and mainstream media outlets is their funding model.
The Wire is a not-for-profit organization and relies on donations from individuals and organizations to sustain its operations. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
In contrast, mainstream media outlets such as The Times of India rely on advertising revenue to sustain their operations. This can often lead to conflicts of interest and compromises in their coverage.
The Wire has won several awards for its journalism, including the Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award and the Red Ink Award for Investigative Journalism.
These awards highlight The Wire’s commitment to independent and fearless journalism and its ability to provide critical analysis and coverage on a range of issues.
One of the challenges faced by alternative media outlets like The Wire is limited resources. Unlike mainstream media outlets, alternative media outlets often have smaller budgets and fewer staff members.
This can make it difficult for them to cover breaking news or compete with larger media outlets. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
However, The Wire has managed to overcome this challenge by focusing on in-depth and analytical coverage of issues and building a strong network of contributors and collaborators.
Another challenge faced by alternative media outlets is the lack of credibility among some audiences.
Mainstream media outlets have been around for longer and have built a reputation for themselves, which can make it difficult for alternative media outlets to gain a foothold in the market.
However, The Wire has managed to overcome this challenge by consistently providing high-quality journalism and building a loyal audience.
In conclusion, The Wire is a prime example of an alternative media effort from India that has made a significant impact in the media landscape.
Its commitment to independent and fearless journalism and its focus on promoting democracy and social justice have made it a valuable platform for diverse voices and perspectives. MJM 024 Solved Free Assignment 2023
By comparing The Wire with a mainstream media outlet like The Times of India, we can see how alternative media efforts can provide more in-depth and nuanced coverage of issues while promoting ethical and transparent journalism.
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