BESC-134
Education as a Practice
BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment Jan 2023
Assignment A
Q 1. Discuss Shri Auribindo’s philosophy of Integral Education? In what ways ‘Mirambika -The Free Progress School’ was an innovative educational practice?
Ans. Shri Aurobindo’s philosophy of Integral Education is based on the idea that education should aim to develop the whole person, including their physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions.
Integral education seeks to integrate the various aspects of human development and aims to help individuals become more self-aware and self-realized.
Mirambika – The Free Progress School, located in New Delhi, India, is an innovative educational practice that embodies the principles of Integral Education.
The school was founded in 1981 by a group of educators and parents who were inspired by the ideas of Shri Aurobindo and The Mother, his spiritual collaborator.
One of the key features of Mirambika is its focus on individualized and holistic education.
The school believes that every child has their own unique path of learning and development, and therefore, the curriculum is designed to cater to the individual needs and interests of each student.
The curriculum is flexible and allows students to learn at their own pace, without the pressure of exams or grades.
Mirambika also places a strong emphasis on experiential learning, with a wide range of activities and projects designed to encourage creativity, exploration, and self-discovery. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The school’s approach to learning is not limited to the classroom but extends to the wider community, with frequent field trips, workshops, and cultural events.
Another innovative aspect of Mirambika is its focus on sustainability and environmental awareness.
The school has implemented a range of eco-friendly practices, such as rainwater harvesting, solar energy, waste management, and organic farming.
The school also has a strong emphasis on social responsibility, with initiatives aimed at helping underprivileged children and communities.
Shri Aurobindo’s philosophy of Integral Education is based on the idea that education should aim to develop the whole person, including their physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions.
Integral education seeks to integrate the various aspects of human development and aims to help individuals become more self-aware and self-realized.
In Integral Education, learning is not limited to the acquisition of knowledge but extends to the development of skills, values, and attitudes that promote personal growth and social responsibility.
The curriculum is designed to cater to the individual needs and interests of each student, and the learning environment is supportive and nurturing, encouraging creativity, exploration, and self-discovery.
Integral Education recognizes that every child has their own unique path of learning and development, and therefore, the educational approach should be flexible and adaptive. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The goal of education is not just to impart knowledge but also to help individuals become self-aware and develop their full potential.
One of the key features of Mirambika – The Free Progress School, which embodies the principles of Integral Education, is its focus on individualized and holistic education.
The school recognizes that each child is unique and has their own strengths, interests, and learning styles.
Therefore, the curriculum is designed to cater to the individual needs of each student, with a focus on experiential learning and self-directed exploration.
At Mirambika, there are no exams or grades, and learning is not restricted to the classroom.
The school believes that real learning happens through experience and encourages students to learn through a wide range of activities, including field trips, workshops, and cultural events.
The school also offers a variety of co-curricular and extra-curricular activities, such as music, dance, theater, and sports, which help to foster creativity, self-expression, and physical well-being.
Another innovative aspect of Mirambika is its focus on sustainability and environmental awareness.
The school recognizes that the well-being of the planet is essential for the well-being of humanity and has implemented a range of eco-friendly practices, such as rainwater harvesting, solar energy, waste management, and organic farming.
The school also has a strong emphasis on social responsibility, with initiatives aimed at helping underprivileged children and communities.
Mirambika is an example of an innovative educational practice that embodies the principles of Integral Education.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
By emphasizing individualized and holistic learning, experiential education, and sustainability, the school provides a unique and innovative approach to education that seeks to nurture the whole person and help students become self-aware and self-realized individuals.
One of the key benefits of Integral Education is that it encourages students to become more self-aware and develop their full potential.
This is achieved through a learning environment that is supportive and nurturing, where students are encouraged to explore their interests and passions and pursue their own unique path of learning and development.
By focusing on the development of the whole person, including their physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions, Integral Education helps students to become more self-aware, self-confident, and self-realized individuals.
Another benefit of Integral Education is that it fosters creativity, innovation, and critical thinking skills.
By encouraging students to explore their interests and passions and pursue their own unique path of learning, Integral Education promotes creativity and innovation.
Additionally, by focusing on experiential learning and hands-on activities, Integral Education promotes critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for success in the 21st century.
Q 2. Discuss the concept, meaning and characteristics of educational research. Describe the basic steps in which educational research can be accomplished?
Ans. Educational research is a systematic and scientific inquiry into the field of education. It is a process of acquiring knowledge, understanding and evaluating educational policies, practices, and programs.
The purpose of educational research is to provide empirical evidence to inform educational decision-making, to improve educational practices and outcomes, and to advance our understanding of education as a discipline.
Characteristics of Educational Research:
Systematic Inquiry: Educational research involves a systematic and structured approach to investigating educational issues.
This involves formulating research questions, developing hypotheses, designing research studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.
Empirical Evidence: Educational research is based on empirical evidence, which is gathered through observation, measurement, and experimentation.
This means that educational research relies on data that can be objectively observed and measured.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Rigor and Objectivity: Educational research is conducted with a high degree of rigor and objectivity. This involves using standardized procedures, eliminating bias, and ensuring the reliability and validity of the data.
Relevance and Practicality: Educational research is relevant and practical, and it is conducted with the goal of improving educational practice and outcomes. The results of educational research should be applicable to real-world educational settings.
Ethical Considerations: Educational research is conducted with ethical considerations in mind. This means that researchers must ensure the rights and welfare of research participants, obtain informed consent, and maintain confidentiality.
Steps in Educational Research:
Formulate Research Question: The first step in educational research is to formulate a research question.
This involves identifying an area of interest and developing a specific research question that can be answered through empirical research.
Conduct a Literature Review: The next step is to conduct a literature review to identify what is already known about the research question. This involves reviewing relevant literature, such as journal articles, books, and reports.
Develop Hypotheses: Based on the literature review, hypotheses can be developed. A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested through empirical research.
Design the Study: The next step is to design the study. This involves selecting a research design, such as a survey, experiment, or case study, and developing a detailed plan for how data will be collected and analyzed.
Collect Data: The data collection process involves gathering data using appropriate methods, such as surveys, observations, or interviews. The data must be reliable, valid, and unbiased.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Analyze Data: Once the data has been collected, it must be analyzed. This involves using statistical techniques to identify patterns and relationships in the data.
Draw Conclusions: Based on the data analysis, conclusions can be drawn. These conclusions should be based on the evidence and should be relevant to the research question.
Communicate Findings: The final step is to communicate the findings of the research. This involves writing a research report or publishing an article in a peer-reviewed journal.
Educational research is a critical component of education, and it plays an essential role in shaping educational policies and practices.
Through educational research, educators, policymakers, and researchers can gather evidence to inform decision-making, improve educational practices, and contribute to the advancement of the field of education.
The importance of educational research is reflected in its various functions. Firstly, it is used to identify the issues and challenges in education that require attention.
This may include identifying student achievement gaps, assessing the effectiveness of educational programs and practices, and evaluating the impact of policies and regulations on educational outcomes.
Secondly, educational research is used to generate new knowledge and theories related to education. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
his includes exploring new teaching methods, developing innovative programs, and advancing our understanding of learning and development.
Thirdly, educational research is used to inform educational policy and practice. Research findings are used to inform decisions about educational policy and practice, such as the development of new curricula, the implementation of new teaching methods, and the allocation of resources.
Educational research can be accomplished through a variety of research methods, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches.
Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data, and it is often used to examine causal relationships between variables.
Qualitative research involves the collection and analysis of non-numerical data, and it is often used to explore complex phenomena, such as attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions.
Mixed-methods research involves the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research question.
Regardless of the research method used, educational research must be conducted ethically and with attention to the needs and rights of research participants.
Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants, protect their confidentiality and privacy, and ensure that their research does not cause harm or distress.
In conclusion, educational research is an essential component of education, and it plays a critical role in improving educational practices and outcomes.
The basic steps involved in educational research include formulating research questions, conducting a literature review, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating findings. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Through educational research, we can generate new knowledge, inform policy and practice, and contribute to the advancement of the field of education.
Assignment B
Q 3. Write importance of Pie graph and Bar graph. Develop pie graph and bar graph for the following data. Which one you find most suitable for the following data and Why
Ans. Pie charts and bar graphs are commonly used in various fields to represent data. Each type of graph has its unique features, advantages, and disadvantages.
Pie charts are useful for showing proportions, while bar graphs are ideal for representing changes or comparing data over time. Here are some importance of pie graph and bar graph:
Importance of Pie Chart:
. It helps to represent data in the form of a fraction or percentage.
. It is easy to read and interpret.
. It is helpful for identifying the largest and smallest values in a dataset.
. It is useful when comparing the relative sizes of different categories within a dataset.
Importance of Bar Graph:
. It helps to show comparisons between data.
. It allows for easy visualization of trends over time.
. It is effective in displaying differences between discrete groups.
. It is an excellent tool for analyzing data with distinct categories.
For the given data on the number of students passed in Class 10th over five years, a bar graph would be the most suitable graph to represent the data.
This is because we want to compare the changes in the number of students passed over time. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
To create a bar graph for the given data, we will plot the year on the x-axis and the number of students passed on the y-axis.
Then, we will draw a rectangular bar for each year, with the height of each bar representing the number of students passed in that year.
A pie chart could also be used to represent the data, but it would not be as effective in representing the changes in the number of students passed over time.
A pie chart would be suitable if we wanted to show the proportion of students passed in each year as a fraction or percentage of the total number of students who took the exam.
However, since we are interested in showing the changes in the number of students passed over time, a bar graph is the most appropriate graph to use.
Now, let’s develop a pie graph and a bar graph for the given data:
| S.No | Year | No of students passed in Class 10th |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2018 | 600 |
| 2 | 2019 | 650 |
| 3 | 2020 | 750 |
| 4 | 2021 | 900 |
| 5 | 2022 | 700 |
For this particular data set, a bar graph would be more suitable. The reason is that the data represents different years (a time-based variable) and the number of students passed (a quantity-based variable). A bar graph will allow us to compare the number of students passed across different years more effectively, highlighting any changes or trends over time.
Here’s a bar graph representing the data:
Number of Students Passed in Class 10th by Year
(2018-2022)
1000 +
|
|
|
|
900 + █
| █
| █
| █
800 + █
| █
| █
| █
700 + █ █ █
| █ █ █
| █ █ █
| █ █ █
600 + █ █ █
| █ █ █
| █ █ █
| █ █ █
500 +---------------------------------------
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022As you can see, the bar graph allows for a clear comparison of the number of students passed in each year. The bars help visualize the magnitude of the values, making it easy to observe the differences between the years.
While a pie graph could technically represent the proportion of students passed in each year, it wouldn’t be as effective in this case because the emphasis is on comparing the values across years rather than showing proportions within a whole.
Q 4. Discuss about various dimensions of diversity present in social groups
Ans.Diversity refers to the differences and variations that exist among individuals or groups of people.
Social groups are made up of individuals who share common experiences, values, and goals, and within these groups, there are various dimensions of diversity that can be identified. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Here are some of the main dimensions of diversity present in social groups:
Race: Race refers to the physical characteristics that distinguish one group of people from another, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features.
Ethnicity: Ethnicity refers to a group of people who share common cultural or national traditions, including language, customs, and beliefs.
Gender: Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and expectations that are associated with being male or female.
Sexual Orientation: Sexual orientation refers to an individual’s emotional and sexual attraction to others, which can include attraction to individuals of the same gender, opposite gender, or both.
Age: Age refers to the number of years a person has lived, and can be a source of diversity within social groups.
Ability: Ability refers to an individual’s physical or mental capacity to perform tasks or activities, and can vary widely among individuals.
Socioeconomic status: Socioeconomic status refers to an individual’s income, education, and occupation, and can have a significant impact on one’s social position and experiences.
Religion: Religion refers to an individual’s beliefs and practices related to spirituality and faith.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Geographic location: Geographic location refers to where an individual is from, including the country, region, or city, and can influence cultural traditions and experiences.
Language: Language refers to the method of communication used by individuals within a social group, and can be a source of diversity within and between groups.
Intersectionality: Intersectionality is a concept that recognizes the interconnectedness of various dimensions of diversity.
For example, an individual who identifies as a Black woman may experience discrimination based on both her race and gender, and may face unique challenges that are not experienced by individuals who only identify with one of these dimensions.
Understanding intersectionality is important for developing policies and practices that are inclusive and equitable for all individuals.
Stereotypes and biases: Stereotypes and biases are often based on assumptions about individuals based on their perceived identity or characteristics.
These stereotypes and biases can be harmful and can limit opportunities for individuals who do not fit into the dominant cultural norms.
It is important to challenge stereotypes and biases in order to promote a more inclusive and diverse society.
Cultural competence: Cultural competence refers to the ability to effectively interact with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
This includes understanding and respecting different beliefs, values, and practices, as well as being aware of one’s own biases and assumptions.
Developing cultural competence is important for promoting inclusivity and reducing discrimination within social groups.
Intersection of diversity and power: It is important to recognize that diversity is often linked to power dynamics within social groups.
For example, individuals who hold positions of power may be more likely to be from certain racial or socioeconomic backgrounds.
Understanding the intersection of diversity and power is important for promoting equity and creating a more inclusive society.
Q 5. Describe the main purpose of dissemination of Best Practices? List out various activities for dissemination as per the purpose of dissemination.
Ans. The main purpose of dissemination of best practices is to share effective strategies, tools, and approaches that have been successful in achieving a specific goal or objective. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
By disseminating best practices, organizations and individuals can help to promote knowledge sharing, increase the visibility of successful initiatives, and ultimately promote learning and continuous improvement.
There are several activities that can be undertaken to effectively disseminate best practices, depending on the intended purpose of the dissemination. Some common activities for dissemination include:
Publication: The publication of articles, reports, and case studies can be an effective way to disseminate best practices.
These publications can be distributed through various channels, such as academic journals, professional networks, and online platforms.
Conferences and workshops: Conferences and workshops can provide opportunities for individuals to present and discuss best practices with others who are interested in the topic. These events can be organized at local, national, or international levels.
Training and capacity building: Training and capacity building activities can be used to disseminate best practices by providing individuals with the knowledge, skills, and resources necessary to implement effective strategies.
These activities can be delivered through various methods, such as online courses, in-person training sessions, and coaching.
Networking and collaboration: Networking and collaboration can be used to disseminate best practices by connecting individuals and organizations that are working on similar issues. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
This can be done through social media, online forums, and professional associations.
Advocacy and policy change: Advocacy and policy change can be used to disseminate best practices by promoting the adoption of effective strategies at the local, national, or international levels.
This can involve working with policymakers, advocacy groups, and other stakeholders to promote change.
Audience: It is important to consider the intended audience when disseminating best practices. Different audiences may have different needs and preferences for receiving information.
For example, policymakers may be more interested in research studies and policy briefs, while practitioners may prefer case studies and training materials.
Cultural sensitivity: Cultural sensitivity is important when disseminating best practices to ensure that they are relevant and effective in different contexts.
This may involve adapting materials to different cultural norms and values, or providing guidance on how to implement strategies in culturally sensitive ways.
Timing: Timing is an important consideration when disseminating best practices. It is important to consider the appropriate time for disseminating information, such as during specific stages of a project or at key moments in the policy-making process.
Sustainability: Disseminating best practices should be done with sustainability in mind. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
This means considering how the dissemination activities will be sustained over time, and how to ensure that best practices continue to be implemented and shared in the future.
Evaluation: Evaluation is an important part of disseminating best practices to ensure that the dissemination activities are effective in achieving their intended purpose.
Evaluation can help to identify what is working well and what needs to be improved, and can provide feedback for continuous improvement.
Overall, dissemination of best practices is an important part of promoting knowledge sharing and continuous improvement in various fields.
By considering the purpose, audience, cultural sensitivity, timing, sustainability, and evaluation, organizations and individuals can effectively disseminate best practices and promote positive change.
Q 6. Describe the characteristics of Action research? Discuss how action research is different from other researches.
Ans. Action research is a type of research methodology that aims to address real-world problems by implementing changes in a specific context and observing the effects of those changes.
It is a collaborative process that involves practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders in identifying problems, developing solutions, and evaluating outcomes.
Unlike traditional research methods, action research is characterized by its participatory and iterative nature, as well as its focus on producing practical knowledge that can be applied in real-world settings.
Characteristics of Action Research:
Collaborative: Action research is a collaborative process that involves the active participation of practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders.
This collaboration allows for the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and perspectives, and encourages the development of shared goals and solutions.
Participatory: Action research is participatory in nature, meaning that it is grounded in the experiences and perspectives of those involved in the research process.
This includes the practitioners and stakeholders who are directly affected by the problem being addressed, as well as the researchers who are working to develop solutions.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Cyclical: Action research is a cyclical process that involves a series of steps, including planning, action, observation, and reflection.
Each cycle builds upon the previous one, allowing for continuous improvement and refinement of the research process.
Iterative: Action research is iterative in nature, meaning that it involves multiple rounds of data collection and analysis.
This iterative process allows for ongoing feedback and adjustment of the research approach.
Contextual: Action research is highly contextualized, meaning that it is focused on addressing specific problems in specific contexts.
This contextualization allows for the development of solutions that are tailored to the unique needs and characteristics of the context in which they are implemented.
How is Action Research different from other research methodologies?
Purpose: The purpose of action research is to address practical problems and produce practical knowledge that can be applied in real-world settings.
Traditional research methods, on the other hand, are often focused on producing knowledge for its own sake or for academic purposes.
Approach: Action research is a participatory and collaborative approach that involves the active participation of practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders.
Traditional research methods are often more individualistic and focused on the researcher as an expert.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Data Collection: Action research often involves multiple methods of data collection, including observation, interviews, and surveys.
Traditional research methods often rely on a single method of data collection, such as surveys or experiments.
Analysis: Action research involves an iterative process of data collection and analysis, with ongoing feedback and adjustment of the research approach.
Traditional research methods often involve a more linear process of data collection and analysis, with less room for ongoing feedback and adjustment.
Outcomes: The outcomes of action research are often focused on producing practical solutions and improving real-world situations.
Traditional research methods often produce knowledge that may not have immediate practical applications.
Assignment C
Q 7. Explain the main features of ‘Kasturaba Gandhi Balika Vidhalya’?
Ans. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) is a scheme launched by the Government of India in the year 2004 to provide education to the girls belonging to the marginalized communities in rural areas.
The main aim of this scheme is to provide quality education and vocational training to the girls and empower them with knowledge and skills to enhance their overall development.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The following are the main features of the KGBV scheme:
Target Group: The KGBV scheme targets girls belonging to marginalized communities such as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, and minorities who are unable to access formal education due to economic or social reasons.
Residential Schools: KGBV provides residential schools to girls in remote and backward areas where regular schooling is not possible.
These schools provide the girls with a safe and secure environment where they can live and learn.
Infrastructure: The KGBV schools are equipped with basic infrastructure facilities such as classrooms, toilets, drinking water facilities, libraries, playgrounds, and residential facilities for the girls.
Curriculum: The curriculum of KGBV is designed to provide the girls with quality education that includes not only academic but also vocational training to help them acquire skills for livelihood.
The curriculum is also designed to promote gender sensitivity and social awareness among the girls.
Teachers: The teachers appointed for KGBV schools are trained to provide quality education to girls from marginalized communities.
The teachers are trained in gender sensitivity and are encouraged to create a positive and supportive environment for the girls to learn.
Community Participation: The KGBV scheme encourages community participation in the education of girls. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The parents of the girls are encouraged to participate in the education process of their daughters and contribute to the development of the school.
Monitoring and Evaluation: The KGBV scheme is monitored and evaluated regularly to ensure that the objectives of the scheme are being met.
The performance of the schools is assessed through various parameters, and corrective measures are taken to improve the quality of education.
Targeted approach: KGBV focuses on girls who are out of school or are at risk of dropping out of school due to various reasons such as poverty, social norms, gender discrimination, and lack of access to education.
The program aims to provide quality education to these girls and empower them with knowledge, skills, and confidence to lead a better life.
Residential schools: KGBV provides residential schools for girls in the age group of 11-14 years. The schools are located in areas where girls’ enrollment and retention rates are low.
The residential schools ensure that girls have a safe and secure environment to learn and grow.BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Curriculum: The KGBV curriculum is designed to be gender-sensitive, inclusive, and child-centered.
The curriculum includes subjects such as language, mathematics, science, social science, life skills, and vocational education.
The aim is to provide a holistic education to the girls and prepare them for life beyond school.
Infrastructure and facilities: KGBV schools have adequate infrastructure and facilities such as classrooms, toilets, drinking water, electricity, libraries, and playgrounds.
The schools are also equipped with computers, projectors, and other teaching aids to enhance the learning experience of the girls.
Teacher training: KGBV provides training to teachers to ensure that they are able to deliver quality education to the girls. The training covers topics such as gender sensitivity, child rights, child protection, and pedagogy.
The aim is to build the capacity of teachers and ensure that they are able to create a safe and supportive learning environment for the girls.
Q 8. What do you understand by Open Educational Resources (OER)?
Ans. Open Educational Resources (OER) refer to any type of educational materials that are available for free and without any copyright or license restrictions.
These resources are openly available to teachers, students, and self-learners to use, share, and modify. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
OER can include digital textbooks, lecture notes, videos, images, audio recordings, quizzes, and other multimedia materials.
The main aim of OER is to increase access to high-quality educational resources and reduce the cost of education.
OER can be used in both formal and informal learning settings and can be accessed from anywhere in the world.
By making educational resources freely available, OER can democratize education and promote lifelong learning.
Some of the main features of OER include:
Open licensing: OER are typically released under a Creative Commons license or other open license that allows users to freely use, share, and modify the material.
Accessibility: OER are designed to be accessible to all learners, regardless of their geographic location, socioeconomic status, or disability.
Interactivity: OER can be designed to be interactive, allowing learners to engage with the material and apply what they have learned.
Collaborative: OER often encourage collaboration among learners, as well as between learners and educators.
High-quality: OER are typically created by educators, subject matter experts, and other professionals, and are designed to be of high quality.
OER can be used in a variety of educational settings, including primary and secondary schools, higher education, vocational training, and informal learning environments. BESC 134 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Educators can use OER to supplement their own teaching materials, and students can use OER to supplement their own learning.
OER can also be used to support collaborative learning projects, where learners work together to create their own educational resources. This approach can foster creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.
Overall, OER offer a powerful way to increase access to high-quality educational resources and promote lifelong learning.